Transient aeroelastic responses and flutter analysis of a variable-span wing during the morphing process

To investigate the transient aeroelastic responses and flutter characteristics of a variablespan wing during the morphing process,a novel frst-order state-space aeroelastic model is proposed.The time-varying structural model of the morphing wing is established based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with time-dependent boundary conditions.A nondimensionalization method is used to translate the time-dependent boundary conditions to be time-independent.The time-domain aerodynamic forces are calculated by the reduced-order unsteady vortex lattice method.The morphing parameters,i.e.,wing span length and morphing speed,are of particular interest for understanding the fundamental aeroelastic behavior of variable-span wings.A test case is proposed and numerical results indicate that the flutter characteristics are sensitive to both of the two morphing parameters.It could be noticed that the aeroelastic characteristics during the wing extracting process are more serious than those during the extending process at the same morphing speed by transient aeroelastic response analysis.In addition,a faster morphing process can get better aeroelastic performance while the mechanism comlexity will arise.     

Numerical study of unsteady starting characteristics of a hypersonic inlet

The impulse and self starting characteristics of a mixed-compression hypersonic inlet designed at Mach number of 6.5 are studied by applying the unsteady computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The full Navier-Stokes equations are solved with the assumption of viscous perfect gas model, and the shear-stress transport (SST) k-x two-equation Reynolds averaged Navier- Stokes (RANS) model is used for turbulence modeling. Results indicate that during impulse starting, the flow field is divided into three zones with different aerodynamic parameters by primary shock and upstream-facing shock. The separation bubble on the shoulder of ramp undergoes a generating, growing, swallowing and disappearing process in sequence. But a separation bubble at the entrance of inlet exists until the freestream velocity is accelerated to the starting Mach number during self starting. The mass flux distribution of flow field is non-uniform because of the interaction between shock and boundary layer, so that the mass flow rate at throat is unsteady during impulse starting. The duration of impulse starting process increases almost linearly with the decrease of freestream Mach number but rises abruptly when the freestream Mach number approaches the starting Mach number. The accelerating performance of booster almost has no influence on the self starting ability of hypersonic inlet.     

螺旋桨滑流对自转旋翼气动特性影响分析

自转旋翼机在前飞时螺旋桨滑流穿过桨盘平面,为研究螺旋桨滑流对自转旋翼的非定常气动干扰,基于RANS(雷诺平均Navier-Stokes)方程,采用运动嵌套网格方法建立了适用于自转旋翼-螺旋桨气动干扰流场的计算分析方法,并对模型进行模拟。分析低速情况下,孤立状态自转旋翼和组合状态自转旋翼非定常气动特性及流场特性,研究不同速度及螺旋桨位置对自转旋翼气动特性的影响。计算结果表明螺旋桨滑流会影响自转旋翼在各方位角的升阻力特性,并引起自转旋翼尾迹在0°方位角附近发生畸变;相同升力下,来流速度越大旋翼后倾角越小,螺旋桨滑流对自转旋翼影响越小;增大螺旋桨与自转旋翼间距可以减弱螺旋桨滑流对自转旋翼的气动干扰。     

涡轮级内湍流度影响的非定常数值模拟

通过求解二维雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程，数值模拟了不同进口湍流度下的涡轮级中的非定常流场及温度场。结果表明，增大湍流度对叶栅通道内时均压力分布影响很小，但是对涡轮级中的温度分布会产生很大影响，当涡轮进口有热斑存在时，增大湍流度将会使热斑中的热流体温度扩散更快，从而叶栅通道中的温度场分布趋向均匀，同时动叶压力面侧与吸力面侧的时均温度差别减小，沿动叶统长方向上的温度分布也更平缓。     

不同激励形式对脉动气膜冷却特性影响的数值研究

为了探究不同激励形式对脉动气膜冷却特性的影响,在35°倾角平板射流模型中,采用非定常数值模拟方法进行相关研究。挑选常用的方波和正弦波作为冷气激励,无量纲激励频率斯特劳哈尔数St=0.019,0.047,0.093,0.263,0.441,重点对冷气附着和高温主流入侵现象进行了对比研究。结果表明:正弦激励下的冷气对壁面有更强的附着和更高的冷却效率;方波激励下的冷气穿透能力较强但对壁面附着相对较弱。此外,方波激励下存在主流入侵,会烧蚀气膜孔及局部壁面;而正弦激励使得冷气连续变化,能明显抑制主流入侵。更进一步,提高脉动周期内的最低吹风比不是抑制主流入侵的最佳方式,因为主流入侵主要是因为冷气量变化过于剧烈。针对正弦激励,冷气的无量纲激励频率St0.263后也会导致主流入侵。考虑冷却效果和避免主流入侵,建议在实际应用中选用较低频连续波形作为激励。     

Wing aeroelasticity analysis based on an integral boundary-layer method coupled with Euler solver

An interactive boundary-layer method, which solves the unsteady flow, is developed for aeroelastic computation in the time domain. The coupled method combines the Euler solver with the integral boundary-layer solver(Euler/BL) in a ‘‘semi-inverse" manner to compute flows with the inviscid and viscous interaction. Unsteady boundary conditions on moving surfaces are taken into account by utilizing the approximate small-perturbation method without moving the computational grids. The steady and unsteady flow calculations for the LANN wing are presented. The wing tip displacement of high Reynolds number aero-structural dynamics(HIRENASD) Project is simulated under different angles of attack. The flutter-boundary predictions for the AGARD445.6 wing are provided. The results of the interactive boundary-layer method are compared with those of the Euler method and experimental data. The study shows that viscous effects are significant for these cases and the further data analysis confirms the validity and practicability of the coupled method.     

Analysis of swirling flow effects on the characteristics of unsteady hot-streak migration

The temperature of flow at the combustor exit is inherently non-uniform and the hot fluid is called hot-streak. An in-house CFD software, NUAA-Turbo, was used to carry out 3D unsteady simulations on the PW-E3 single-stage high-pressure turbine. The hot-streak effect based on real stator and combustor counts was approximately evaluated by the contraction/dilatation method on the interface. The unsteady attenuation and migration process of hot-streaks in the tur-bine passage were well captured. The general performance parameters for different circumferential positions of hot-streaks were relatively consistent. Then, the influences of hot-streaks on blade sur-face temperature were investigated by comparing results under hot-streak and uniform inflow con-ditions. Unsteady simulations with combined inlet hot-streak and swirling flow show that the core of a hot-streak migrates to the tip under the influence of a positive swirl, while the phenomenon is just opposite with a negative swirl. Therefore, the heat transfer environment of rotor blades shows great differences with different directions of inlet swirl.     

Computation of unsteady turbomachinery flows: Part 1—Progress and challenges

There are numerous unsteady flow influences in turbomachinery. These can potentially make a substantial total impact on efficiency, and hence the environment and operating costs over the life of a gas turbine engine. These unsteadiness sources are reviewed. Also, the turbomachinery zones where unsteady modeling is mandatory for meaningful solutions is outlined. The various unsteady modeling hierarchies are reviewed. These range from linear harmonic to Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). Unsteady reduced order modeling encompassing deterministic stresses and body forces are reviewed. Hierarchies are presented for different modeling lineages and fidelity levels. Mixed fidelity methods are proposed, where low and high fidelity treatments are combined. For example, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Simulations (URANS) being combined with body forces to provide appropriate system boundary conditions.A daunting array of modeling and numerical methods and strategies are found for the user to select. Each has their own theoretical limitations. Clearly a user must be aware of these. Reported performances of the different approaches are found to vary considerably between relatively similar applications. The reviewed work suggests that Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), as ever, is an activity that needs strong reviewing of processes, tools and overseeing of modeling practices. With regard to LES, grid densities used for typical complex geometry simulations currently appear to be too coarse. This reflects the lack of current computational performance and hence the need for reduced order models.     

高温高压超声速气液两相流场数值模拟

采用欧拉-拉格朗日方法对燃气-蒸汽发射动力装置内高温高压超声速燃气中横向喷雾的气液两相流进行了数值模拟研究,气相采用RK(Runge-Kutta)-AUSM+(advection upstream splitting method+)格式求解Navier-Stokes方程,液相应用颗粒轨道模型,两相之间的耦合通过在气相...     

场致发射电推力器发射尖端理论模型及机理

为了研究铟场致发射电推力器的发射过程及机理,对椭球顶喷流柱模型离子发射区流柱的形状及尺寸进行了数学描述并通过数值计算加以验证,结果表明,椭球顶喷流柱模型具有合理性,从Taylor理论出发,结合电磁场理论、流体力学理论以及场致发射理论,讨论了离子形成的机理,发现场蒸发是离子产生的重要原因。